:root{--grid-gutter-width:24px;--grid-side-margin:24px;--grid-min-width:320px}@media (max-width:808px){:root{--grid-gutter-width:16px}}:root{--text-size-base:16px;--text-size-heading1:3.25rem;--text-size-heading2:2.875rem;--text-size-heading3:2.5625rem;--text-size-heading4:2.25rem;--text-size-heading5:2rem;--text-size-heading6:1.8125rem;--text-size-heading7:1.625rem;--text-size-heading8:1.4375rem;--text-size-title1:1.25rem;--text-size-title2:1.125rem;--text-size-title3:1rem;--text-size-title4:1rem;--line-height-block-quote:1.4;--line-height-body:1.5;--line-height-heading:1.2;--line-height-title:1.3;--space-size-xxxl:64px;--space-size-xxl:56px;--space-size-xl:48px;--space-size-l:40px;--space-size-m:32px;--space-size-s:24px;--space-size-xs:16px;--space-size-xxs:12px;--space-size-xxxs:8px;--space-size-xxxxs:4px}body.ds2{font-size:var(--font-size-base)}.Checkbox-module_label_JBaRmp{cursor:pointer}.Spinner-module_wrapper_cXJiVe{display:block;line-height:0}.Spinner-module_wrapper_cXJiVe svg{-ms-high-contrast-adjust:none;animation-duration:.7s;animation-iteration-count:infinite;animation-name:Spinner-module_rotate_ZJ5Dg1;animation-timing-function:linear;display:block;height:24px;width:24px}.Spinner-module_wrapper_cXJiVe.Spinner-module_large_Dc4gW9 svg{background-size:60px;height:60px;width:60px}.Spinner-module_wrapper_cXJiVe.Spinner-module_slow_Rk3Pyh svg{animation-duration:1.2s}@keyframes Spinner-module_rotate_ZJ5Dg1{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}.CoverImage-module_coverContainer__6w8BA{--image-size:156px;padding-top:32px}.CoverImage-module_coverContainer__6w8BA .CoverImage-module_documentCover__VvybJ{height:100%;padding-top:32px}.CoverImage-module_coverContainer__6w8BA .CoverImage-module_documentAudiobook__IWVfN{margin:3px 48px 0 0;width:var(--image-size);height:var(--image-size)}@media (max-width:512px){.CoverImage-module_coverContainer__6w8BA .CoverImage-module_documentAudiobook__IWVfN{margin:0 40px 0 0}}.CoverImage-module_coverContainer__6w8BA .CoverImage-module_documentBook__J2nEW{width:var(--image-size);height:204px}@media (max-width:512px){.CoverImage-module_coverContainer__6w8BA{--image-size:120px;padding-top:24px}}.CoverImage-module_image__vkOFo{text-align:center;width:100%;height:198px;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:50%;overflow:hidden}@media (max-width:512px){.CoverImage-module_image__vkOFo{height:158px}}.CoverImage-module_imageContainer__gQp75{background-color:var(--color-spruce-100);height:230px;overflow:hidden}@media (max-width:512px){.CoverImage-module_imageContainer__gQp75{height:180px}}.CoverImage-module_imageAudiobook__RqQl0{margin-left:24px}@media (max-width:512px){.CoverImage-module_imageAudiobook__RqQl0{margin-left:19px}}.Header-module_header__qxHtx{font-family:"Source Serif Pro",sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-style:normal;line-height:1.3;margin:0;color:var(--color-slate-500);font-size:1.625rem;font-family:var(--spl-font-family-sans-serif-primary),sans-serif}@media (max-width:512px){.Header-module_header__qxHtx{font-family:"Source Serif Pro",sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-style:normal;line-height:1.3;margin:0;color:var(--color-slate-500);font-size:1.4375rem}}.Header-module_headerSection__Vk4xy{margin-bottom:var(--space-350)}@media (max-width:512px){.Header-module_headerSection__Vk4xy{margin-bottom:var(--space-300)}}.Header-module_subtitle__0wMbA{font-family:Source Sans Pro,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--color-slate-100);font-family:var(--spl-font-family-sans-serif-primary)}.AppUpsellModal-module_wrapper__MLfa0{font-family:var(--spl-font-family-sans-serif-primary),sans-serif;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden}.AppUpsellModal-module_appButtons__tMpum{display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:center;gap:var(--space-250)}@media (max-width:512px){.AppUpsellModal-module_appButtons__tMpum{justify-content:flex-start}}.AppUpsellModal-module_form__S27Nh{display:flex;text-align:left;align-items:flex-end;margin-bottom:var(--space-400)}@media (max-width:512px){.AppUpsellModal-module_form__S27Nh{margin-bottom:var(--space-350)}}.AppUpsellModal-module_formSection__Yxe4X{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:var(--space-300) var(--space-400) var(--space-350) var(--space-400)}@media (max-width:512px){.AppUpsellModal-module_formSection__Yxe4X{margin:var(--space-300)}}.AppUpsellModal-module_inputWrapper__zZkrH{width:100%;margin-bottom:-18px}.AppUpsellModal-module_moduleContainer__Owyg2{width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:center;text-align:center}@media (max-width:512px){.AppUpsellModal-module_moduleContainer__Owyg2{text-align:left}}.AppUpsellModal-module_sendButton__QcVIb{margin-left:var(--space-150);height:-moz-fit-content;height:fit-content}.ScribdAppUpsellModal-module_wrapper__X1Xu4{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;text-align:center}.ScribdAppUpsellModal-module_wrapper__X1Xu4 input[type=text]{border-color:var(--spl-color-border-field-default)!important;height:var(--space-400)}.ScribdAppUpsellModal-module_appButtons__OaOid{display:flex;gap:16px;justify-content:center}@media (max-width:512px){.ScribdAppUpsellModal-module_appButtons__OaOid{justify-content:flex-start}}.ScribdAppUpsellModal-module_form__ZZspw{margin-bottom:24px}.ScribdAppUpsellModal-module_header__9LSEX{font-family:var(--spl-font-family-body-primary),var(--spl-font-family-body-secondary);font-style:normal;font-weight:var(--spl-font-weight-body);line-height:1.4;font-size:1.25rem;margin-bottom:24px}.ScribdAppUpsellModal-module_input__44czl{align-items:center;display:flex;margin:0;min-width:365px}.ScribdAppUpsellModal-module_sendButton__i08Du{height:-moz-fit-content;height:fit-content;margin-left:8px}span.sprite{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.sprite{background:url(https://s-f.scribdassets.com/images/newhome/icon-sprite.png) 0 0 no-repeat}.sprite.gray_tri_down,.sprite.gray_tri_right{background:url(https://s-f.scribdassets.com/images/petunia/triangles.png) 0 0 no-repeat}.sprite.gray_tri_down{width:9px;height:5px;background-position:-1px 0}.sprite.gray_tri_right{width:5px;height:9px;background-position:-6px -12px}.sprite.loc_pin{width:10px;height:13px;background-position:-14px 0}.sprite.logo_dark{width:73px;height:18px;background-position:0 -92px}.sprite.logo_dark_big{width:97px;height:24px;background-position:0 -60px}.sprite.logo{width:97px;height:26px;background-position:0 -117px}.sprite.triangle{width:13px;height:8px;background-position:-78px -5px}.sprite.white_tri_up{width:9px;height:5px;background-position:-94px -8px}.sprite.white_tri_down{width:9px;height:5px;background-position:-94px -2px}.sprite.white_tri_right{width:5px;height:9px;background-position:-98px -14px}.sprite.blue_tri_right{width:5px;height:9px;background-position:-71px -14px}.sprite.blue_tri_down{width:9px;height:5px;background-position:-66px -2px}.sprite.blue_tri_up{width:9px;height:5px;background-position:-66px -8px}.sprite.bookmark_dark,.sprite.bookmark_light,.sprite.close,.sprite.comment,.sprite.download,.sprite.reply,.sprite.share{position:relative;cursor:pointer}.sprite.bookmark_dark:active,.sprite.bookmark_light:active,.sprite.close:active,.sprite.comment:active,.sprite.download:active,.sprite.reply:active,.sprite.share:active{top:1px}.sprite.readcast{width:18px;height:17px;background-position:-145px -34px}.sprite.readcast:hover{background-position:-145px -51px}.sprite.readcast.disabled{background-position:-145px 0}.sprite.share{width:12px;height:11px;background-position:-13px -27px}.sprite.share:hover{background-position:0 -27px}.sprite.bookmark_light{width:13px;height:16px;background-position:-148px -71px}.sprite.bookmark_light:hover{background-position:-148px -90px}.sprite.bookmark_dark,.sprite.bookmark_dark_small{width:13px;height:16px;background-position:-148px -109px}.sprite.popup_arrow{width:21px;height:11px;background-position:-121px -57px}.sprite.reply{width:14px;height:10px;background-position:-38px -14px}.sprite.reply:hover,.trigger_sprite:hover .sprite.reply{background-position:-25px -14px}.sprite.close{width:12px;height:13px;background-position:-26px 0}.sprite.close.brown{background-position:-52px 0}.sprite.close.white{background-position:-52px -13px}.sprite.close.white:hover{background-position:-52px -13px}.sprite.close:hover{background-position:-39px 0}.sprite.comment{width:13px;height:12px;background-position:-13px -14px}.sprite.comment:hover{background-position:0 -14px}.sprite.facebook_badge,.sprite.scribd_badge,.sprite.twitter_badge{width:20px;height:20px;background-position:-82px -147px}.sprite.facebook_badge{background-position:-82px -167px}.sprite.twitter_badge{background-position:-82px -188px}.sprite.ad_choices{width:12px;height:11px;background-position:-79px -15px}.sprite.to_reading_feed{width:15px;height:13px;background-position:-105px 0}.has_icon:hover .sprite.to_reading_feed,.sprite.to_reading_feed:hover{background-position:-105px -14px}.sprite.blue_arrow,.sprite.link_arrow{width:15px;height:13px;background-position:-105px -14px}.sprite.small_checkmark{width:12px;height:8px;background-position:-126px -90px}.sprite.blue_x{width:13px;height:11px;background-position:-39px -1px}.sprite.plus_circle{background-position:-102px -51px;width:18px;height:17px}.sprite.check_circle{background-position:-102px -69px;width:18px;height:17px}.sprite.white_scribd{background-position:-122px -147px;width:17px;height:20px}.sprite.white_twitter{background-position:-104px -188px;width:17px;height:20px}.sprite.white_facebook{background-position:-104px -167px;width:17px;height:20px}.sprite.white_googleplus{width:20px;height:20px;background-position:-122px -167px}.sprite.white_linkedin{width:20px;height:20px;background-position:-122px -147px}.sprite.red_warning{width:21px;height:17px;background-position:-121px -18px}.sprite.white_warning{width:21px;height:17px;background-position:-121px -36px}.sprite.external_link{width:14px;height:14px;background-position:-148px -168px}.sprite.sharing_check{width:15px;height:11px;background-position:-148px -188px}.active .sprite.sharing_check{background-position:-129px -200px}.sprite.question{width:16px;height:16px;background-position:-104px -28px}.sprite.trash{width:11px;height:13px;background-position:-168px -4px}.sprite.preview{width:17px;height:12px;background-position:-166px -40px}.sprite.i_info{width:9px;height:9px;background-position:0 -49px}.sprite.traffic_cone{width:29px;height:30px;background-position:-181px 0}.sprite.tiny_check{width:12px;height:8px;background-position:-126px -90px}.sprite.white_search{width:14px;height:13px;background-position:-106px -119px}.sprite.white_edit{width:14px;height:14px;background-position:-188px -91px}.sprite.email{width:20px;height:16px;background-position:-185px -30px}.sprite.white_check{width:12px;height:8px;background-position:-12px -49px}.sprite.report_user{width:7px;height:14px;background-position:-171px -52px}.sprite.block_user{width:11px;height:10px;background-position:-169px -68px}.sprite.edit_icon_solid{width:20px;height:20px;background-position:-185px -49px}.sprite.edit_pencil{width:14px;height:13px;background-position:-188px -74px}.sprite.dark_search{width:14px;height:13px;background-position:-106px -132px}.sprite.black_search{width:16px;height:15px;background-position:-209px -91px}.sprite.book{width:16px;height:12px;background-position:-184px -137px}.sprite.header_arrow_down{width:11px;height:6px;background-position:-197px -161px}.sprite.upload{width:13px;height:15px;background-position:-184px -152px}.sprite.paddle_left{width:31px;height:47px;background-position:-6px -151px}.sprite.paddle_right{width:31px;height:47px;background-position:-38px -151px}.sprite.paddle_left_small{width:22px;height:43px;background-position:-15px -208px}.sprite.paddle_right_small{width:22px;height:43px;background-position:-39px -208px}.sprite.popup_left{width:16px;height:33px;background-position:-139px -273px}.sprite.popup_right{width:14px;height:33px;background-position:-155px -274px}.sprite.home_open_book,.sprite.home_open_book_static{width:18px;height:15px;background-position:-141px -217px}.sprite.home_open_book:hover,.trigger_sprite:hover .sprite.home_open_book{background-position:-141px -237px}.sprite.home_open_book:active,.trigger_sprite:active .sprite.home_open_book{background-position:-141px -258px}.sprite.home_readcast,.sprite.home_readcast_static{width:18px;height:18px;background-position:-160px -216px}.sprite.home_readcast:hover,.trigger_sprite:hover .sprite.home_readcast{background-position:-160px -236px}.sprite.home_readcast.readcasted,.sprite.home_readcast:active,.trigger_sprite:active .sprite.home_readcast{background-position:-160px -256px}.sprite.home_bookmark{width:12px;height:19px;background-position:-179px -216px}.sprite.home_bookmark:hover{background-position:-179px -236px}.sprite.home_bookmark:active{background-position:-179px -256px}.sprite.home_bookmark.saved{background-position:-179px -256px}.sprite.home_add_collection{width:18px;height:19px;background-position:-192px -216px}.sprite.home_add_collection:hover{background-position:-192px -236px}.sprite.home_add_collection:active{background-position:-192px -256px}.sprite.home_uploads{width:15px;height:17px;background-position:-212px -218px}.sprite.home_uploads:hover,.trigger_sprite:hover .sprite.home_uploads{background-position:-212px -237px}.sprite.home_uploads:active,.trigger_sprite:active .sprite.home_uploads{background-position:-212px -258px}.sprite.home_followers{width:15px;height:16px;background-position:-228px -219px}.sprite.home_followers:hover,.trigger_sprite:hover .sprite.home_followers{background-position:-228px -238px}.sprite.home_followers:active,.trigger_sprite:active .sprite.home_followers{background-position:-228px -259px}.sprite.home_reply{width:13px;height:13px;background-position:-262px -222px}.sprite.home_reply:hover,.trigger_sprite:hover .sprite.home_reply{background-position:-262px -241px}.sprite.home_reply.active,.sprite.home_reply:active,.trigger_sprite:active .sprite.home_reply{background-position:-262px -262px}.sprite.home_following{width:18px;height:17px;background-position:-244px -218px}.sprite.home_following:hover,.trigger_sprite:hover .sprite.home_following{background-position:-244px -237px}.sprite.home_following:active,.trigger_sprite:active .sprite.home_following{background-position:-244px -257px}.sprite.home_delete{width:15px;height:16px;background-position:-276px -219px}.sprite.home_delete:hover{background-position:-276px -238px}.sprite.home_delete:active{background-position:-276px -258px}.sprite.download_arrow{width:14px;height:18px;background-position:-310px -217px}.sprite.download_arrow:hover{background-position:-310px -236px}.sprite.download_arrow:active{background-position:-310px -256px}.sprite.white_big_open_book{width:46px;height:38px;background-position:0 -320px}.sprite.tiny_pencil{width:10px;height:10px;background-position:-210px -170px}.sprite.tiny_star{width:11px;height:10px;background-position:-226px -170px}.sprite.tiny_x{width:9px;height:9px;background-position:-242px -171px}.sprite.ac_books,.sprite.ac_documents{background-position:-165px -145px;margin:4px 7px;width:15px;height:18px}.sprite.ac_authors{background-position:-165px -168px;margin:7px;width:15px;height:14px}.sprite.ac_publishers,.sprite.library_blue{background-position:-165px -186px;width:15px;height:14px}.sprite.light_tri_down{width:12px;height:5px;background-position:-183px -194px}.sprite.search_collections{width:14px;height:14px;background-position:-243px -112px}.sprite.search_collections.small{background-position:-29px -59px}.sprite.search_documents{width:11px;height:14px;background-position:-212px -112px}.sprite.search_people{width:15px;height:14px;background-position:-260px -112px}.sprite.search_books{width:12px;height:14px;background-position:-228px -112px}.sprite.small_clip{width:14px;height:14px;background-position:-243px -112px}.sprite.gray_tri_up{background-position:-227px -185px;width:11px;height:6px}.sprite.circle_check{background-position:-165px -79px;width:16px;height:16px}.sprite.circle_cancel{background-position:-165px -96px;width:16px;height:16px}.sprite.box_tri_down{width:16px;height:16px;background-position:-322px -2px}.sprite.box_tri_up{width:16px;height:16px;background-position:-322px -23px}.sprite.annotation_paper{width:17px;height:17px;background-position:-16px -376px}.sprite.facebook_large{width:25px;height:25px;background-position:-78px -26px}